Naked shorting refers to the practice of shorting units of a given security in advance of ensuring whether or not they can be borrowed. Naked shorting refers to the practice of sho...A lot of us know the differences between the P90/PS90. You'll have to be happy with converting your PS90 to a SBR. Talk of converting the PS to a P will get you booted from the forum. FS2000 Gen 1. PS90-SBR Gen 2. FiveseveN. FN HP SFS. FN Model 1905/1906. (MM's #3860084010, #3860084030, #3810084020, #3480084020) CMMG makes a great barrel! This is a 10.4" PS90 Barrel, made from 4150 Chrome Moly Vanadium and Maganese Phosphate Coated. Chambered for the 5.7x28 cartridge, chrome lined, with a 1:9 twist. And finally, threaded at the muzzle with the FN P90 spec: M12x1.0 LH Perfect for use on your PS90 SBR build! Nov 8, 2018 ... How to: Remove PS90 Barrel Shroud in 2 minutes without stripping threads! Florida Gun Classifieds - New and Used Guns for Sale - Gun ...Yes, it does. Elite Ammo sells several different kinds of ammo that are appropriate for the carbines and gives muzzle velocities for the Five-seveN pistol, P90, and PS90 platforms. The PS90 is typically about 200-300 fps faster than the short barrel version. Midwest Gun Works Description. We are proud to offer the FN PS90 barrel shroud manufactured by Huntertown Arms. Installation of this barrel shroud eliminates the fixed flash suppressor and allows the use of any 1/2-28 threaded muzzle device suitable for the FN PS90 without any further modifications to the weapon. This shroud works with the factory 16" barrel. Short Barrel Rifles; Short Barrel Rifles. 31 Item(s) Sort By. Daniel Defense DDM4 PDW 7" 300 BLK SBR ... FN PS90 SBR. Our Price: $2,495.00. Honey Badger by Q™ - 300 ... The first is the civilian legal 16-inch barrel (which still puts the OAL about the same as the excellent M-16 Clinic Viper™ with its 7.25 inch barrel) and gives improved ballistic performance to the 5.7 x 28 cartridge over the much shorter P90 barrel. The second is that the PS90 fires in semi-automatic mode only.Aug 19, 2008 · Disassembly instructions. For qualified gunsmith only! Unload and disassemble the PS90 and secure the barreled receiver in a drill press. I used a #43 carbide bit and drilled out the blind pin. Using barrel blocks, clamp the barrel into a vise. You can then slip a 15mm wrench onto the chamber end of the barrel. Great choice for your PS90 SBR project. Pair this with a CMMG PS90 Flash hider or thread adaptor to complete your SBR. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience. You ... CMMG Barrel FN PS90 5.7x28mm 10.4" 1 in 9" 4150 Chrome Moly Black ...Plus tros seems to get a lot of praise around here. It's not hard to do. I did one and let HDPS do another conversion for me. They saved the factory barrel and sleeve which I sold and recovered most of my cost on the second conversion. FS2000 Gen 1. PS90-SBR Gen 2. FiveseveN. FN HP SFS. FN Model 1905/1906.The CMMG PS90 barrel is the correct length for a PS90 SBR, measuring in at 10.4 inches. The barrel is machined from 4140 chrome-moly steel …Naked shorting refers to the practice of shorting units of a given security in advance of ensuring whether or not they can be borrowed. Naked shorting refers to the practice of sho...Perfect for use with a short barrel on your PS90 SBR build. This CMMG muzzle device fits the M12x1 LH threads of the P90-PS90 barrel, leaving 1/2-28 threads exposed for your …More of the adaptor not indexing on the end of the barrel. Either the barrel is too short, or the internal area of the adaptor was cut too deep. I'll have to dig out a barrel, and measure the total length. ... The Factory P/PS90 barrel is left hand (counter-clockwise), metric thread. Having said that, you either have to put a washer, have the ... This semi-automatic rifle shoots 5.7x28mm bullets from 10- or 30-round magazines. This model will accept the 50-round cases of the FN P90, but check local regulations before making this shift. The bottom ejection port keeps fired cases out of the way of the shooter. With a 16” hammer-forged barrel, this firearm is highly accurate while ... FN PS90 SBR. These are new FN PS90 rifles Capitol Armory has converted, engraved, and registered as short-barreled rifles. The barrel installed is a new 10.4" FN barrel with a CMMG 1/2x28 thread adapter. …May 14, 2020 ... Complete Short Barrel assembly of the Imperial Arms Effen 90 upper receiver for a PS90 using the CMMG 10.4" barrel.The bullpup design of the PS90 makes it very short, and with the short-barreled version, it is even concealable. The fifty-round magazines give you very long strings of fire before needing to reload. These great features make the PS90 a good option for military and law enforcement professionals.Use a 3/32 inch drill and drill a hole at the punch mark. The shroud is thin, so it only takes a couple of seconds. Then, use a 1/16 inch punch in the hole you just drilled and tap the pin out through the original hole with a small hammer. takes another 3 seconds for that. Use a thin 15mm wrench (thin ones are made for bicycles.SBR - Help with removal of barrel. Help with removing the shourd and 16" barrel. I Decided to cut the flash hider from the barrel after Can't locate the blind bin to knock it out the other side. Now the barrel is still locked- It just ends up tight with either Left or Right rotation in the back end. I can see the threaded interior move back and ...Cut it, FN barrels are far better than CMMG. I'm curious why this was downvoted. Would just like to hear the counter argument. I'm curious too, he's right lol. I went with a CMMG barrel just so I can have a spare, but it seems like personal preference. Crosspost and join us over at r/PS90.Are you a fan of Cracker Barrel’s charming country-style ambiance and unique gifts? Well, you’ll be delighted to know that now you can enjoy the convenience of shopping at Cracker ...More of the adaptor not indexing on the end of the barrel. Either the barrel is too short, or the internal area of the adaptor was cut too deep. I'll have to dig out a barrel, and measure the total length. ... The Factory P/PS90 barrel is left hand (counter-clockwise), metric thread. Having said that, you either have to put a washer, have the ...While they can’t sell the original short 10.5-inch barreled model over the counter, the 16-inch PS90 is the next best thing. Although it looks strange, the gun is …Buying a car on a short sale means that you are paying the seller less than what he or she owes to the lender. A seller behind in car payments and possibly facing repossession may ...Cracker Barrel shopping is a popular destination for those seeking unique gifts, home decor, and delicious country-style food. With its rustic charm and old-fashioned appeal, it’s ...Most would understandably conclude that CMMG has the market cornered on aftermarket short barrels for the PS90. It’s worth noting that Stryker sells a very nice barrel/FH bundle. It costs just a little more, but is top-notch according to those who’ve used both. I don’t have any personal experience with the CMMG.HK SD9 Tactical. Mine is above the right side charging handle. Nope, has to be in plain sight. Same place as mine is. Plain sight, has to be a certain height and a certain depth, and must have the same name as that on the Form 1 approval. I have a gunsmith that does engraving, but he has never done a ps90, so he did not know either. With me ... Add to Wish List. Description. The best choice for your PS90 SBR project. Pair this with a CMMG PS90 Flash hider or thread adaptor to complete your SBR. Tax Stamp and gunsmithing required. 10.4″. 4140 Chrome Moly Vanadium. Manganese Phosphate Coated. 1:9 Twist. PS90 Short Barrel Upgrades. A lot of first-time PS90 owners do this mod. But you cannot forget your state needs to allow this mod. Otherwise, you won’t be able to use this gun and will face legal troubles. But if your state allows modding the barrel, this way you can get a taste of the P90 without buying the FN P90. 1. CMMG PS90 10.5” BarrelCMMG Thread Adapter Fits PS90 (57DA53A) Use this with a short barrel on your PS90 SBR build to attach your favorite muzzle device. Adapts the standard M12 x 1.0 LH threads of the PS90 to 1/2"-28 which is compatible with …Dec 15, 2016 ... This video isn't meant as a guide, it's just a video of what I did that you might learn something from. I may do more videos on the PS90 in ...Metal drum barrels are useful for shipping liquids and transporting gritty bulk items, and they’re also ideal for use as trash receptacles and for projects like making a barrel roa...Gun Made may receive a small commission from any sales that link to products or services on this site. This does not affect the price you pay and your purchases through our links help support our work in continuing to provide you with unbiased gun and setup advice.16″ barrel for the FN PS90. Designed as a replacement for the factory 16″ PS90 barrel when it has been damaged or needed for a compliant build without a tax stamp. Targeted Specs: Length: 16″ Twist Rate: 1:9 Twist Caliber: 5.7×28 Threads: M12x1.0 LHComplete Short Barrel assembly of the Imperial Arms Effen 90 ... Related Products; Quick view Choose Options. Imperial Arms. XF50 Slick Side – PS90 Compatible Upper Receiver ... PS90 SBR - 10.4" Short Barrel …Are you a fan of Cracker Barrel’s charming country-style ambiance and unique gifts? Well, you’ll be delighted to know that now you can enjoy the convenience of shopping at Cracker ...HK SD9 Tactical. Mine is above the right side charging handle. Nope, has to be in plain sight. Same place as mine is. Plain sight, has to be a certain height and a certain depth, and must have the same name as that on the Form 1 approval. I have a gunsmith that does engraving, but he has never done a ps90, so he did not know either. With me ...Description. We are proud to offer the FN PS90 barrel shroud manufactured by Huntertown Arms. Installation of this barrel shroud eliminates the fixed flash suppressor and allows the use of any 1/2-28 threaded muzzle device suitable for the FN PS90 without any further modifications to the weapon. This shroud works with the factory 16" barrel.The FN PS90’s civilian legal 16.04″ cold hammer-forged MIL-SPEC barrel is equipped with an integrated muzzle brake to reduce recoil. Dual …Multiple Thread Pitchs Available. Fluting. No. Model. No. Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price. $329.00. NEW FNH PS90 BARREL CUT TO 10.4" and threaded M12x1LH. The CMMG 10.4-Inch 5.7x28mm Barrel for FN PS90 is made from 4140 Chrome-Molybdenum Steel, which is very strong and corrosion-resistant. The barrel has a Salt Bath Nitride finish and comes with 1:9 twist rifling, which offers excellent stability with 5.7x28mm rounds. The CMMG 10.4-Inch 5.7x28mm Barrel for FN PS90 is super easy to install and ... Oct 13, 2022 ... In this video we'll talk about a really cool modified FN PS90, with an SBR modification and a suppressor. I'll do some shooting in the ...Features: FNP-9m, 9mm Luger Magazine. Stainless steel finish .Steel Body .Polymer floor plate and follower.15 Round Benefits: Factory FNH Magazines for the best reliability possible. Durable steel body with a silver finish will hold up to hard use in the field. Polymer follower provides smooth feeding.Installation: To install remove the lower picatinny rail and the factory barrel block. This handguard mounts by replacing the factory barrel block which provides a very solid mount. ... The CMR-30 handguard (short) Posted by John on Jan 31st 2024 ... PS90 M-LOK® Handguard (Nylon) Haga Defense. $180.00. Add to Cart. Only 5 left in stock.PS90 - $1699 CMMG Barrel - $399 CMMG Muzzle Break - $49 Gun Smithing - $80 Optic - $129 Sling System - $70 Side Pic Rail - $49 ... Basically just Make a short zip tie. Then jam it into an early model trigger pack at the right spot, It makes a semi auto gun full auto only. Obviously only do it if you have the proper paperwork blah blah blahEssentially, the PS90 differs from the P90 in that the full auto capability is removed and the barrel has a shroud pinned over the top that brings the total length of the firearm into compliance with US law. The … The barrel has to move backwards against spring pressure (there's a spring right behind the muzzle device) for proper delayed blowback operation. My CMMG 1/2-28 thread adapter only allowed 0.004" clearance, not enough. My stock PS90 16" barrel had 0.015" clearance. Supposedly the standard spec is 0.030" +/- 0.010". In this video I review and shoot the FN PS90 equipped with an EOTech EXPS3-2 https://amzn.to/2rqBYlC I have to say it is a very capable and fun gun to plink ...Perfect for use with a short barrel on your PS90 SBR build. This CMMG muzzle device fits the M12x1 LH threads of the P90-PS90 barrel, leaving 1/2-28 threads exposed for your …Crate & Barrel currently has 12 outlet stores across 10 states located in California, Illinois, Maine, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, …I submitted my Form 1 to the ATF and in 3 weeks, they sent me my tax stamp allowing me to install the short barrel. I use Silencer Shop (as I explained in t...Jul 18, 2013 ... How to: Remove PS90 Barrel Shroud in 2 minutes without stripping threads! ... FNH PS90 / P90 SBR Disassembly & Reassembly ... PS90/P90 Full Auto ...Essentially, the PS90 differs from the P90 in that the full auto capability is removed and the barrel has a shroud pinned over the top that brings the total length of the firearm into compliance with US law. The …That is, as long as you don't mind spending $50-$60 for each full magazine. 5. Reply. [deleted] • 2 yr. ago. Reply. [deleted] • 2 yr. ago. I love mine, if you’ve got a ps90 money is clearly not an issue! Blow that ammo away with a smile on your face! 3.Hank. 506 posts · Joined 2007. #3 · Feb 27, 2008. general laws of ballistics say that the longer barrel will be more accurate, but i know the PS90 was designed with the 10.3" barrel. i don't have my PS90 yet, but i would still venture to say that the 16" barrel would be more accurate.Complete Short Barrel assembly of the Imperial Arms Effen 90 upper receiver for a PS90 using the CMMG 10.4" barrel.Muzzle Devices. Compatibility: P90/PS90. Quantity: Add to Wish List. Description. For use with a 10.4″ short barrel on your PS90 SBR build. The female threads are M12 x 1.0 LH and are used for barrel rention. The male threads are a standard 1/2″ x 28 and are used to attach your favorite 5.7×28 rated silencer or muzzle device.Non semi-autos can have short barrels - as long as they came from an approved manufacturer. There are Canadian licensed companies that add short barrels to existing guns. ... An AR15 with a 10.5" barrel is longer than a PS90 with a 16" barrel, but if that AR15 has a normal buttstock and isnt properly registered as an SBR, it's a felony. …The P-90 silencer by GSL Technology was originally developed for FN in the mid 1990’s for use on the FN P90. It comes with a flash hider that threads directly onto a 10.4" P90/PS90 barrel with 12x1mm left threads. The silencer has a built in quick attach that connects directly to the flash hider with no additional adaptors.Kits. PS90 Bundles. Sort By: Dorin Technologies. PS90 Trigger/Selector Bundle. $178.95. XF50 Complete SBR Kit (formerly Effen 90) $1,063.83 - $1,133.88. CMMG. PS90 SBR - …FN PS90 SBR. These are new FN PS90 rifles Capitol Armory has converted, engraved, and registered as short-barreled rifles. The barrel installed is a new 10.4" FN barrel with a CMMG 1/2x28 thread adapter. …The barrel is 16.04" without a shroud according to FNH website, and therefore it is perfectly acceptable in Caifornia and federally. Except for one minor problem, without the shroud the rifle does not meet the min overall length requirement and is a SBR as soon as you remove it. FS2000 Gen 1. PS90-SBR Gen 2. FiveseveN.Non semi-autos can have short barrels - as long as they came from an approved manufacturer. There are Canadian licensed companies that add short barrels to existing guns. ... An AR15 with a 10.5" barrel is longer than a PS90 with a 16" barrel, but if that AR15 has a normal buttstock and isnt properly registered as an SBR, it's a felony. …PS90 Sling. Suitable for all day carry and duty use this is a PS90 specific sling. Simple two point type sling for ease of use. Specifically sized for the PS90. Wide and smooth, with integrated elastic section. Emergency break away … Perfect for use with a short barrel on your PS90 SBR build. This CMMG muzzle device fits the M12x1 LH threads of the P90-PS90 barrel, leaving 1/2-28 threads exposed for your favorite (more common) accessories. Perfect for use with a short barrel on your PS90 SBR build. Bullpup Armory 4"x2" PVC Patch with Velcro Backing May 2, 2007 · PS90 SBR Paperwork Step-By-Step. This document is a brief "how to" for an *individual* converting a PS90 to a SBR (Short Barreled Rifle) under current US law regarding such weapons. This is intended to be as complete as possible, but, as always, read and follow the instructions provided on the paperwork, and contact your local law enforcement ... In short, remember the 5.7X28mm cartridge does well in its intended role, a replacement for the 9X19 NATO. It doesn’t come anywhere close to the potential lethality of a true rifle cartridge, even compared to the 5.56 NATO. ... If you change the barrel on the PS90 and don’t leave the required “delay” length, or leave out the delay ...The PS90 and 5.7 ammo was designed for a short barrel, it will work great with one, the longer barrel is only for American law. You'll get plenty of performance with a short barrel, it will be lighter, handier, able to accept a suppressor, and no longer look like a silly narwhal. It's easy to convert it at home too. I kept it long because I’m ...CMMG 10.4-Inch 5.7x28mm Barrel for FN PS90 MSRP: $299.95 $259.95. Out of Stock . CMMG. CMMG Barrel Thread Adapter for FN PS90 MSRP: $69.95 $54.25. Fast Shipping. Same day shipping when order is placed before 1PM EST. Satisfaction Guaranteed. 30-day hassle free returns with no restocking fee. LEO and MIL ...Feb 15, 2023 · The bullpup design of the PS90 makes it very short, and with the short-barreled version, it is even concealable. The fifty-round magazines give you very long strings of fire before needing to reload. These great features make the PS90 a good option for military and law enforcement professionals. Jan 25, 2009 · As far as the barrel length is concerned, if you remove the shroud from the PS90, you now have a short barrel rifle because the barrel comes in at less than the minimum of 16 inches and is married to the receiver. Even if you disassemble the rifle immediately, you violated the law. If you are looking for an efficient and cost-effective way to store large quantities of food, 55 gal blue plastic barrels may be the perfect solution. These barrels are durable, st...Quick Overview. The CMMG 10.4" PS90 barrel, chambered in 5.7, is ideal for converting your PS90 to an SBR. The barrel is threaded M12x1LH and requires a CMMG PS90 …This was back when CMMG was still making PS90 SBR barrels so I just installed the brand new short barrel. Years later I sent my hacksawed FN barrel to Hi Desert Dog and he cut it down and threaded it and I swapped my CMMG barrel for my FN barrel. It shoots perfectly fine. Posted: 1/10/2014 2:21:52 PM EDT ...Features: FNP-9m, 9mm Luger Magazine. Stainless steel finish .Steel Body .Polymer floor plate and follower.15 Round Benefits: Factory FNH Magazines for the best reliability possible. Durable steel body with a silver finish will hold up to hard use in the field. Polymer follower provides smooth feeding.Nov 30, 2016 ... How to: Remove PS90 Barrel Shroud in 2 minutes without stripping threads! How To: PS90 Front Shroud Removal to Install CMMG SBR Barrel or ...IA 16″ Barrel for PS90. $299.95Read more. PS90 Extended Barrel Shroud for 16″ Barrel – Increases Overall Length to 30″. $229.00Read more. PS90 SBR – 10.4″ Short Barrel Rifle Bundle. $369.90Select options. PS90 Threaded Barrel Shroud for 16″ Barrel – 1/2″ x 28 threads. $199.00See Options.Even out of a rifle-length barrel, 5.7mm is ballistically inferior to typical centerfire rifle cartridges like 5.56mm and 7.62x39mm. This all begs the question, what is it for? The answer is, in all honesty, whatever you want to use it for. With its short overall length and large magazine, the PS90 could perform home defense duty. Its compactThe shortened barrel are from 10.3 to 10.5 inches depending on the manufacturer. The thread adapter has to be used and I am guessing that would add 1/4 to 1/2 inch to the barrel. The suppressors are 6 7/8 inches. The barrel and suppressor alone have a length of over 17 inches. The stock barrel is 16.04 inches long.Approximately 1.2 million barrels of kerosene are used worldwide everyday. In the U.S., kerosene is a highly combustible fuel that is perfect for jets because of its low risk of ex...
May 23, 2023 ... ♪ MDK - Dream Eater (N... I Built the MOST CURSED GUN EVER!!! Oh, and Finally SBR'ed My P90... 1.8M views · 11 months ago ...more .... Denise keesee
Multiple Thread Pitchs Available. Fluting. No. Model. No. Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price. $343.99. CMMG 10.4" PS90 5.7mm barrel, threaded M12x1LH. Pair this with a CMMG PS90 thread adapter to complete your SBR.Perfect for use with a short barrel on your PS90 SBR build. This CMMG muzzle device fits the M12x1 LH threads of the P90-PS90 barrel, leaving 1/2-28 threads exposed for your … This CMMG muzzle device fits the M12x1 LH threads of the P90-PS90 barrel, leaving 1/2-28 threads exposed for your favorite (more common) accessories. Perfect for use with a short barrel on your PS90 SBR build. A 7-slot Polymer Side Rail for the P90/PS90. Bottom line: You can have in your posession a barrel less than 16 inches along with your assembled PS90 and it means nothing because you also have to have the knowledge, tools, and ability to construct the Short Barrel Rifle to have 'constructive intent', and you do need specialized tools to remove the barrel from the PS90 and re-assemble …Cracker Barrel is not just a popular restaurant chain known for its delicious comfort food; it also has an extensive gift shop filled with unique and charming merchandise. When it ... Deposits and advanced purchases are not being taken at this time. 16" barrel for the FN PS90. Designed as a replacement for the factory 16" PS90 barrel when it has been damaged or needed for a compliant build without a tax stamp. Targeted Specs: Length: 16″. Twist Rate: 1:9 Twist. Caliber: 5.7×28. Jul 26, 2014 · 1. First I have decided to do a PS90 sbr and was look for recommendations on who I should use to put it together. I am looking for someone that won't destroy the old barrel and parts. 2. Next I just purchased a Fn 10.3 inch factory barrel which I paid $450. The FN PS90 Standard rifle delivers a versatile and reliable platform made for performance and accuracy. It comes chambered in 5.7x28mm with a 16 inch barrel. Features include an optics ready rail, an ambidextrous safety, and a 30 round magazine. Buy guns online from the best online gun store and get the best tactical rifles, gundeals, and bulk ammo for …In this video, I do a little plinking with my new FN PS90 that I turned into a registered SBR. Now it just looks correct! A lot of fun to shoot and y'all wil...Food-grade barrels are plastic drums that are safe for storing and transporting human foods and potable water. Here are some places you can purchase food-grade barrels for a variet...In order to be legal for purchase by civilians without obtaining a tax stamp for a Short Barreled Rifle (SBR) as defined by the United States National Firearms Act, the PS90 carbine has an extended 407 mm (16.0 in) barrel and is semi-automatic, with a trigger pull of approximately 31–36 newtons (7.0–8.1 lb f).Nov 23, 2020 · Congrats on the PS90. SBRing it will make a good thing way better. As far as parts, you really only need a barrel and flash hider or thread adapter (to run a can). As far as barrels, there are three options that I'm aware of: have yours cut and threaded, CMMG and I think Stryker may still make one. Disassembly instructions. For qualified gunsmith only! Unload and disassemble the PS90 and secure the barreled receiver in a drill press. I used a #43 carbide bit and drilled out the blind pin. Using barrel blocks, clamp the barrel into a vise. You can then slip a 15mm wrench onto the chamber end of the barrel.Jul 1, 2023 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Jun 26, 2020 ... How does the FN PS90 compare to the CMMG Banshee? We take both 5.7x28mm guns to the range for a showdown! I now sell firebird targets ...The PS90 and 5.7 ammo was designed for a short barrel, it will work great with one, the longer barrel is only for American law. You'll get plenty of performance with a short barrel, it will be lighter, handier, able to accept a suppressor, and no longer look like a silly narwhal. It's easy to convert it at home too. I kept it long because I’m ...Congrats on the PS90. SBRing it will make a good thing way better. As far as parts, you really only need a barrel and flash hider or thread adapter (to run a can). As far as barrels, there are three options that I'm aware of: have yours cut and threaded, CMMG and I think Stryker may still make one.The CMMG PS90 10.4 Barrel is built to deliver outstanding performance and reliability, making it an ideal choice for FN P90 SBR enthusiasts. Let’s take a closer look at its notable features: 1. Optimal Length: The barrel has a length of 10.4 inches, precisely meeting the requirements for a PS90 SBR build as regulated by the NFA.NEW P90 AND PS90 BARRELS AND MUZZLE DEVICES, STANDARD OR SILENCER READY. Sort by. Display. MINI FLASH HIDER for 1/2X28 Threads MINI FLASH HIDER for 1/2X28 Threads. 5.0 average, based on 1 reviews. MINI FLASH HIDER WITH 1/2X28 THREADS. THIS IS THE ONE WE USE WITH OUR HDD P90 COMBO DEVICE. ....