Marine radio frequencies - The complete list of frequencies available in the VHF Maritime Mobile Band with notes: VHF Maritime International Frequencies Marine VHF Frequencies by International …

 
Try out new SW Radio frequencies and enjoy listening to talk shows, music and news. SaveNetRadio. Best DMR Radios; Best Baofeng Radio; Blog; Reviews. Best Shortwave Radio; ... Best Fixed & Handheld VHF Marine Radios of 2024 January 4, 2024; Best AM FM Portable Radios of 2024 January 3, 2024; Best Handheld Ham Radios for …. How do you find the y intercept when given two points

U. K. VHF Frequencies and Usage. In the United Kingdom there are approximately 57 VHF channels available plus the private channels M and M2 for use by marinas and …VHF emergency channel 16 is known as the “Distress, Safety and Calling” channel. You may use the emergency channel to make initial contact with the limited ...Use any web browser to search the WTR and find local frequencies to program into your scanner. Works on any PC or Mobile running Windows, Mac, IOS, Android and more. The most comprehensive and up to date UK radio scanner frequency database covering WTR, PMR, Airband, Airports, Air Control, Mil Airband / Airfields, Ham and more.The marine transport and safety agencies of the State and Northern Territory governments are responsible for the dissemination of maritime safety information, including weather information, for small craft (under 300 tonnes) on VHF radio. Please refer to the relevant VHF operator in your State/Territory. Area. VHF arrangements.A new analysis of marine life protected by the Endangered Species Act shows that conservation measures are working and well worthwhile. If you’re on a beach late one evening, and y... The rest is used for things like aviation, television, radio, DAB etc. The small part assigned to marine VHF is 156 MHz – 161 MHz. Breaking down the marine VHF frequencies even further, you get into specific channels. For example, 156.750 MHz MHz is one channel. 156.800 MHz is another channel. VHF Marine radios use the radio frequency range between 156.0 to 162.025 MHz, inclusive. Marine radios have a specific set of frequencies assigned to predetermined channels on the radio, and each channel is designated for a specific type of communication. For example, channel 16 (156.8 MHz) is the international calling and distress channel on ...A marine radio is an essential safety equipment item when out on the water. You can use them to communicate with other vessels, ... When at sea, you must have your radio turned on and tuned to the distress frequency or channel: VHF distress channel 16; HF distress frequencies 4125, 6215 and 8291;VHF Marine radios use the radio frequency range between 156.0 to 162.025 MHz, inclusive. Marine radios have a specific set of frequencies assigned to predetermined channels on the radio, and each channel is designated for a specific type of communication. For example, channel 16 (156.8 MHz) is the international calling and distress channel on ... Canadian VHF Frequency and Usage Table. Currently in Canada there are approximately 65 VHF channels available including (5) channels dedicated to Environment Canada’s "Continuous Marine Broadcast" (CMB) Services. Additionally there are (7) Environment Canada WX channels WX1 thru WX7. Like most other places in the world, Canada has dedicated ... Update: Some offers mentioned below are no longer available. View the current offers here. Just in time for summer, Royal Caribbean rolled out a $120 million... Update: Some offers...The possibility that a marine radio may save your life is the best reason to install one in your boat and learn how to operate it. You can use your marine radio to: Monitor distress frequencies. Contact other vessels if you need help. Contact shore-based stations that can co-ordinate a rescue. Keep you up-to-date with weather information and ...Frequency (MHz) Allocated Use: 27.6800: Ch 68 – Commercial calling and working: 27.7200: Ch 72 – Professional fishing calling and working (ship-shore/ship-ship)Urgent marine navigational and weather information is broadcast over VHF channel 22A (157.1 MHZ) from over 200 sites covering the coastal areas of the U.S., including the Great Lakes, major inland waterways, Puerto Rico, Alaska, Hawaii and Guam. Broadcasts are first announced over the distress, safety and calling channel 16 before they are made.Learn the basics of medium and high frequency radio (MF/HF-SSB) for maritime users who need to communicate over long distances. Find out how to choose the right …There are 21 C1 4 MHz frequencies and 31 C2 8 MHz frequencies. An open community of sailors keep in touch on a daily basis over the SSB radio, calls are totally free. The best time to listen is early morning 0600 to 0930 and in the evenings 1800 to 2100 local time, this is when radio conditions are ideal.Dec 1, 2019 · International VHF Marine Radio Channels & Frequencies ; Channel: Tx Frequency: Rx Frequency: Type of Traffic: 1. 156.050 MHz. 160.650 MHz. Tauranga Coastguard Hawkes Bay Coastguard Southern Region Coastguard. 2: 156.100 MHz: 160.700 MHz: Far North Radio & Sea Rescue Nothern Region Coastguard Rotorua Lakes Coastguard Central Region Coastguard: 3 ... This table is the frequency chart for the VHF Marine Radio Service. There are specifically designated channels for specific usage, as indicated in the chart below. Frequencies are …Use any web browser to search the WTR and find local frequencies to program into your scanner. Works on any PC or Mobile running Windows, Mac, IOS, Android and more. The most comprehensive and up to date UK radio scanner frequency database covering WTR, PMR, Airband, Airports, Air Control, Mil Airband / Airfields, Ham and more.VHF marine radios save lives. A VHF radio is your rescue network at sea. Your call can be heard by many people at the same time and the distress channel - channel 16 - is monitored 24/7. 86, 87, 88 (fn2) PORT OPERATIONS - These channels are used in directing the movement of ships in or near ports, locks or waterways. Messages must be about the operational handling movement and safety of ships. In certain major ports, Channels 11,12 and are not available for general port operations messages. Find the VHF channel plan and channels list for marine radio communication in the U.S., Canada and international waters. Learn the transmit and receive notes for each channel …Home / Industry / Office of Maritime Communications / Handbooks & Revision Questions / Marine Radio Operators Handbook - for viewing only. Frequencies (PDF 15.9KB) Read on issuu.Pages in category "United States Air Force Frequencies" The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. 3. 380 MHz LMR Band; A. ... FLTSATCOM D; H. HF Military Communications; M. Mid Air Operations; R. Radio Spectrum Management and Allocations; S. Spectrum; U. USAF High Frequency Global Communications System; …The frequency of a radio wave is measured in hertz (Hz), which shows how many cycles of the wave occur per second. For CB radio, the frequencies range from 26.965 MHz to 27.405 MHz. Each CB radio channel corresponds to a particular frequency within this range. For example, Channel 1 corresponds to 26.965 MHz, while Channel 40 … There are three marina channels: Channel "M" (157.850 MHz. Channel "M2" (161.425 MHz) Channel "80" (157.025/161.625) Channels M and M2 are UK channels and should only be used in UK territorial waters. Their on-board use is covered by a Ship Radio License. However, equipment that is only capable of operating on these frequencies is usually ... The calling frequency is 16 and other operations are listed below. If something is incorrect, please contact us. Coast Guard Radio Frequency listing. Channel Number. Ship Transmit MHz. Ship Receive MHz. Use. 01A. 156.050. A VHF marine radio is the single most important radio system you should buy. It is probably also the most inexpensive. If you plan to travel more than a few miles offshore, plan to purchase an MF/HF radiotelephone or mobile satellite telephone, an emergency position indicating radio beacon, or EPIRB, and a second VHF radio or cellular telephone ... The possibility that a marine radio may save your life is the best reason to install one in your boat and learn how to operate it. You can use your marine radio to: Monitor distress frequencies. Contact other vessels if you need help. Contact shore-based stations that can co-ordinate a rescue. Keep you up-to-date with weather information and ...U. K. VHF Frequencies and Usage. In the United Kingdom there are approximately 57 VHF channels available plus the private channels M and M2 for use by marinas and … VHF Marine. VHF Marine Weather is broadcast to some areas in QLD by the Bureau of Meteorology. VHF weather announcement alerts are made on channel 16 (156.800 MHz) with the actual forecast being broadcast on channel 80 (157.025/161.625 MHz) at 0715Z and 2215Z Daily. The BOM forecasts originate from Townsville and are transmitted from antennas ... RNLI VHF Channels Red Channels are private channels they are not availablre for use by non SAR / RNLI vessels Blue channels are used for Ship to Ship or Ship to …Frequency License Type Tone Alpha Tag Description Mode Tag; 460.4125: WQNT809: RM: 293 NAC: Bedco PD Dis: Police Dispatch: P25: Law Dispatch: 453.475: KXM868: RM: 203 ...Current FRS/GMRS Channels (effective September 28, 2017) Note that the old GMRS channels (the 462 MHz splinter channels and the 462/467 repeater channels) were not required to narrowband. FRS channel numbers commonly used by 22 channel radios are shown in the leftmost column. Most 22 channel radios of this type which were … VHF Marine Radio. The most popular way of communicating at sea is via a marine VHF (Very High Frequency) set. These are combined transmitter/receivers that operate on allocated frequencies known as ‘channels’. Marine VHF radios are used for a variety of purposes including; contacting harbours, marinas, locks, summoning the rescue services ... Find the most widely used marine VHF channels from 1A to 88A for port operations, commercial, intership, and non-commercial traffic in the US. See the …Calling and working frequencies for HF marine radio are in the maritime ship station LCD. Distress, urgency and safety transmissions A distress call has priority over all other transmissions. On VHF, use channel 16 or 67 for distress transmissions. In the MF/HF marine bands, use 2182 kHz, 4125 kHz, 6215 kHz, 8291 kHz, 12 290 kHz or 16 420 kHz.Dec 12, 2023 · Channel 16 is the most important VHF marine radio channel. It serves as the international distress, safety, and calling channel. You should always monitor Channel 16 when your radio is not in use. Frequency: VHF Channel 16: Transmit- 156.800 | Receive – 156.800 . Channel 13 is primarily used for navigational purposes by commercial, military ... Feb 29, 2567 BE ... 2670.0 kHz - this frequency is also used for maritime weather forecasts; 2738.0 kHz; 2782.0 kHz; 2830.0 kHz. 4 MHz (4000 kHz - 4438 kHz) marine ...Jul 27, 2023 · Marine Distress Safety and Calling (Marine Radio Channel 16) 157.100: U.S. Coast Guard Liaison (Marine Radio Channel 22) 156.300: Marine Intership Safety (Marine Radio Channel 6) 161.205: Railroad Police Mutual Aid: 155.160: Land Search and Rescue: 121.500: Air Search and Rescue: 146.520: 2-meter band National Simplex Channel: 223.500 How marine radio works. VHF radio is a line-of-sight system, which means several things can affect its range: the power of the transmitter; the height of the transmit and receive antennas; solid land objects that interfere with the line of sight between transmitter and receiver; In the U.S., the FCC allocates marine VHF radio channel frequencies.Scientists used two of the world’s largest supercomputers in a study that has determined the impact of high-frequency trading on US stock markets is virtually nothing. Scientists u...Marine VHF runs on frequencies between 156 MHz and 161 MHz. The radio spectrum describes different frequencies and wavelengths of electromagnetic waves. When it …The calling frequency is 16 and other operations are listed below. If something is incorrect, please contact us. Coast Guard Radio Frequency listing. Channel Number. Ship Transmit MHz. Ship Receive MHz. Use. 01A. 156.050.Southwest will add two routes on the West Coast and one intra-island Hawaiian route, while redeploying capacity to boost frequencies in West Coast business markets. Southwest Airli...This table is the frequency chart for the VHF Marine Radio Service. There are specifically designated channels for specific usage, as indicated in the chart below. Frequencies are …Marine SSB frequencies . The frequencies used for marine communications are internationally agreed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). There are a number of frequencies allocated for for ship to ship, ship to shore and frequencies allocated just for distress messaging.Multiband vertical HF antennas are a popular choice among amateur radio operators due to their versatility and ease of installation. These antennas are designed to operate on multi...Understanding how VHF marine radio works is essential for proper usage and operation. Understanding the Frequency. Marine VHF radio operates on a specific frequency range (typically between 156-162.050 MHz). This range is reserved for maritime communication and provides a reliable means of communication between vessels and …regulates radio frequency usage, and the operations and use of radiocommunications equipment on a world-wide basis. 1.2 Operators of ship stations other than those ... • Marine Radio Operators Certificate of Proficiency with Marine Satellite Communications Endorsement ORAugust 29, 2017. While a marine VHF (Very High Frequency) radio is arguably the least exciting gadget on board your boat, it’s also one of the most vital. It is designed to enable clear and reliable communications at sea, both from vessel to vessel and from ship-to-shore. It is of course used for run-of-the-mill applications, such as ...460.3625. WQMJ705. B. 146.2 PL. Hampton Fire. Fire Dispatch/Tac 1 (Simulcast of digital Fire 1 and 2) FMN. Fire Dispatch. The rest is used for things like aviation, television, radio, DAB etc. The small part assigned to marine VHF is 156 MHz – 161 MHz. Breaking down the marine VHF frequencies even further, you get into specific channels. For example, 156.750 MHz MHz is one channel. 156.800 MHz is another channel. The frequency of a radio wave is measured in hertz (Hz), which shows how many cycles of the wave occur per second. For CB radio, the frequencies range from 26.965 MHz to 27.405 MHz. Each CB radio channel corresponds to a particular frequency within this range. For example, Channel 1 corresponds to 26.965 MHz, while Channel 40 …Portable marine radio sets are now relatively inexpensive and the ship portable radio licence is free. Users will also need to attend a one day course, available in all parts of the ... 2 VHF stands for Very High Frequency and describes part of the radio spectrum – marine-band VHF radio operates on internationally agreed frequencies in the ...Notes: Some radios have channels 3A (156.1500), 61A (156.0750), and 64A (156.2250) in the USA band plan. Channels 87 and 88 can vary in different radios. They can be duplex channels in radios made before AIS was established. New AIS channels AIS-3 and AIS-4 were established in 2019 for AIS tracking via satellite.VHF, HF and 27 MHz marine radio services are available for the safety of boaters in NSW waters. Radio services provide ‘listening watch’ for distress and emergency frequencies in the event that a boater encounters trouble on the water. They also provide navigation warnings and weather forecasts to enable you to make better informed ...This table is the frequency chart for the VHF Marine Radio Service. There are specifically designated channels for specific usage, as indicated in the chart below. Frequencies are in megahertz. Note that the letter A indicates simplex use of the ship station transmit side of an international duplex channel, and that operations are different ...Lewes, Delaware. Jun 21, 2004. #2. Delaware Bay & River Pilot's Association (State Pilot's) Pilot Tower to Ships CH14 Marine VHF:156.7000. Pilot Launch Boats CH74 Marine VHF:156.7250. Delaware Bay Launch Service. CH09 Marine VHF:156.4500 they are use by Federal and Interport Pilot's.How marine radio works. VHF radio is a line-of-sight system, which means several things can affect its range: the power of the transmitter; the height of the transmit and receive antennas; solid land objects that interfere with the line of sight between transmitter and receiver; In the U.S., the FCC allocates marine VHF radio channel frequencies.Mar 30, 2020 · 70. DSC ONLY (no voice calling) 72, 77. Inter-Ship Channels. 80. In the UK: used by most marinas. M, M2. In the UK: private channel used by marina's, Yacht Clubs etc. Marine Channel Frequencies Next US and International Marine Radio Channels Marine radio uses narrow band frequency modulation (NFM) for voice communications, and … Use channels 8, 67, 72 and 88 only for ship-to-ship messages. 1(fn5), 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 18, 19, 63(fn5), 67, 72(fn7), 79, 80, 88(fn1) PUBLIC CORRESPONDENCE (MARINE OPERATOR) - Use these channels to call the marine operator at a public coast station. VHF Marine radios use the radio frequency range between 156.0 to 162.025 MHz, inclusive. Marine radios have a specific set of frequencies assigned to predetermined channels on the radio, and each channel is designated for a specific type of communication. For example, channel 16 (156.8 MHz) is the international calling and distress channel on ...This table is the frequency chart for the VHF Marine Radio Service. There are specifically designated channels for specific usage, as indicated in the chart below. Frequencies are in megahertz. Note that the letter A indicates simplex use of the ship station transmit side of an international duplex channel, and that operations are different ...Urgent marine navigational and weather information is broadcast over VHF channel 22A (157.1 MHZ) from over 200 sites covering the coastal areas of the U.S., including the Great Lakes, major inland waterways, Puerto Rico, Alaska, Hawaii and Guam. Broadcasts are first announced over the distress, safety and calling channel 16 before they are made.VHF MARINE CHANNEL LIST Please send any updates, additions or corrections to me at the following email address [email protected] ... Fareham Marine M Langstone Harbour Radio 16/68 Langstone Marina 80/M Chichester Harbour Radio 14/16 Chichester Harbour Patrol 14/16 ...VHF Marine Radio Channels and Frequencies USA. Channel Ship Ship Use. Number Transmit Receive. 01A 156.050 156.050 Port Operations and Commercial. VTS in selected areas. 05A 156.250 156.250 Port Operations. VTS in Seattle. 06 156.300 156.300 Intership Safety. 07A 156.350 156.350 Commercial.HF (High Frequency) marine radio frequencies operate in the range of 2 to 30 MHz. These frequencies are primarily used for long-distance communication, particularly in international waters. HF radios utilize the ionosphere to bounce signals over long distances, making them suitable for maritime communication beyond the range of VHF …RFID, short for Radio Frequency Identification, is a technology that has revolutionized various industries around the world. From supply chain management to access control systems,...Technically speaking, the VHF radio spectrum is defined as all frequencies between 30 and 300MHz, but marine VHF only makes use of frequencies between 156 and 174MHz. Unlike radio signals in the lower HF band, VHF radio transmissions are not reflected back to Earth by the ionosphere. A VHF signal must travel in a straight line …VHF Marine Radio Channels and Frequencies USA. Channel Ship Ship Use. Number Transmit Receive. 01A 156.050 156.050 Port Operations and Commercial. VTS in selected areas. 05A 156.250 156.250 Port Operations. VTS in Seattle. 06 156.300 156.300 Intership Safety. 07A 156.350 156.350 Commercial.Emergency, accident or incident, contact: Taupo Maritime Radio ZLM. VHF Ch 16 (all NZ coastal waters) SSB 2182, 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290 or 16420. Tel: 04 550 5280 from within New Zealand or +64 4 550 5280 from overseas. Email: [email protected]. or.Coastguard VHF Radio Channels Channels current as at. July 2021. Northern. Region. Eastern. Region. Central. Region. Central. Region. Southern.time Radio 16 DISTRESS SAFETY CALLING S e m i-d u p l e x e r e p e at e r s t a t i o n s (i n cluding C h a t h a m I s l a n d M r i t i m R a ... 1 – 5 7 18 6 0 – 6 6 Remove and stick in a prominent position next to your radio. VHF MARINE CHANNELS *Note: Nowcasting is also available on 2019, 2020 and 2079 for four digit radios. Created ...Explore the overview of marine radio frequencies including VHF, UHF, and HF. Discover the top channels for distress calls, boater communication, and more. …The calling frequency is 16 and other operations are listed below. If something is incorrect, please contact us. Coast Guard Radio Frequency listing. Channel Number. Ship Transmit MHz. Ship Receive MHz. Use. 01A. 156.050.Coastguard VHF Radio Channels Channels current as at. July 2021. Northern. Region. Eastern. Region. Central. Region. Central. Region. Southern.The marine transport and safety agencies of the State and Northern Territory governments are responsible for the dissemination of maritime safety information, including weather information, for small craft (under 300 tonnes) on VHF radio. Please refer to the relevant VHF operator in your State/Territory. Area. VHF arrangements.Maritime VHF Narrowband Channels - 12.5 KHZ. Assignment of channel numbers to interleaved channels and simplex operation of duplex channels in the VHF maritime band at 12.5 kHz offsets. Frequencies are in MHz. Limited operation on narrowband channels is permitted in ITU-R Radio Regulations Appendix 18, and is allowed in the US on public ...VHF marine radios save lives. A VHF radio is your rescue network at sea. Your call can be heard by many people at the same time and the distress channel - channel 16 - is monitored 24/7.Use any web browser to search the WTR and find local frequencies to program into your scanner. Works on any PC or Mobile running Windows, Mac, IOS, Android and more. The most comprehensive and up to date UK radio scanner frequency database covering WTR, PMR, Airband, Airports, Air Control, Mil Airband / Airfields, Ham and more.VHF Marine. VHF Marine Weather is broadcast to some areas in QLD by the Bureau of Meteorology. VHF weather announcement alerts are made on channel 16 (156.800 MHz) with the actual forecast being broadcast on channel 80 (157.025/161.625 MHz) at 0715Z and 2215Z Daily. The BOM forecasts originate from Townsville and are transmitted from …Channel 16 is the most important VHF marine radio channel. It serves as the international distress, safety, and calling channel. You should always monitor …Lawrence River. Remember, VHF radio channel 16 is used for emergency and calling purposes only. Once you contact another vessel on channel 16, switch to another ...Scanner Frequencies and Radio Frequency Reference for Galveston County, Texas (TX) Scanner Frequencies and Radio Frequency Reference for Galveston County, Texas (TX) Database Home; MyRR; ... (Marine Ch. 14) Primary: FM: Business: 156.675: KOK780: BM: CSQ: GalvPilots73: Galveston-Texas CIty Pilots (Marine Ch. 73) …

Ham radio enthusiasts, also known as amateur radio operators, have been using ham radios for communication and emergency purposes for decades. One of the most crucial aspects of op.... Chivalry of a failed knight

marine radio frequencies

VHF radios are sophisticated communication devices widely used in the maritime industry for ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication. They operate on frequencies between 156.000 MHz to 174.000 MHz, offering an effective line of communication over a considerable range in open water. VHF radios are preferred for marine use due to their ...1 Ministry of Economic Development Radio Spectrum Management Documents; 2 Aeronautical Bands; 3 Marine VHF Band; 4 Land Mobile Bands. 4.1 VHF (<300MHz) 4.2 UHF (300MHz to 1000MHz) 5 Amateur Radio BandsUser Description Short Name Frequency HZ Mode; Marine UHF: UHF 4A: Marine UHF 4A: 457.500: 457500000: NFM: Marine UHF: UHF 1A: Marine UHF 1A: 457.525: 457525000: NFM ... There are three marina channels: Channel "M" (157.850 MHz. Channel "M2" (161.425 MHz) Channel "80" (157.025/161.625) Channels M and M2 are UK channels and should only be used in UK territorial waters. Their on-board use is covered by a Ship Radio License. However, equipment that is only capable of operating on these frequencies is usually ... Nov 9, 2013. #1. We have updated a complete GMRS FRS MURS PMR Weather Marine HAM VHF/UHF Programming File, and it is available for download as a CSV file for fill use in various suitable radios with Chirp or similar programming software. Here is a chart of the channels included in the file. DOWNLOAD. The file, as presented, was mainly developed ...A marine radio is an essential safety equipment item when out on the water. You can use them to communicate with other vessels, ... When at sea, you must have your radio turned on and tuned to the distress frequency or channel: VHF distress channel 16; HF distress frequencies 4125, 6215 and 8291;Channel 16 VHF (156.8 MHz) is a marine VHF radio frequency designated as an international distress frequency. [1] Primarily intended for distress, urgency and safety priority calls, the frequency may also carry routine calls used to establish communication before switching to another working channel.frequencies (MHz) Inter-ship . Port operations and ship movement . Public corres-From ship pondence . stations . From coast stations ; Single frequency . Two frequency . 60 m) 156.025 160.625 x x x 01 m) 156.050 160.650 x x x 61 m) 156.075 160.675 x x x 02 m) 156.100 160.700 x x x 62 m) 156.125 160.725 x x xUse any web browser to search the WTR and find local frequencies to program into your scanner. Works on any PC or Mobile running Windows, Mac, IOS, Android and more. The most comprehensive and up to date UK radio scanner frequency database covering WTR, PMR, Airband, Airports, Air Control, Mil Airband / Airfields, Ham and more.According to the University of Southern California, radios work by encoding information on radio waves then broadcasting the radio wave with the encoded information onto a particul...Current FRS/GMRS Channels (effective September 28, 2017) Note that the old GMRS channels (the 462 MHz splinter channels and the 462/467 repeater channels) were not required to narrowband. FRS channel numbers commonly used by 22 channel radios are shown in the leftmost column. Most 22 channel radios of this type which were …Mar 1, 2009 · United States VHF Marine Frequency List Channel Number Ship Transmit MHz Ship Receive MHz Description of Communications 1A 156.050 156.050 Port Operations and Commercial, VTS. (New Orleans/Lower Mississippi) 5A 156.250 156.250 Port Operations or VTS. (Houston, New Orleans and Seattle) 6 156.300 156.300 Intership Safety 7A 156.350 156.350 Commercial FRECF: Get the latest Frequency Exchange stock price and detailed information including FRECF news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks.

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